Phenylacetylglutamine is a normal constituent of human urine but other mammals such as the dog cat rat monkey sheep and horse do not excrete this compound. Phenylacetylglutamine is a major nitrogenous metabolite that accumulates in uremia. Phenylacetylglutamine also is a microbial metabolite found in Christensenellaceae Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae.

Cajanin has potential hypolipidemic effects,possibly via up-regulating the ABCA1 protein expression,subsequently resulting in increased macrophage cholesterol efflux and RCT, it can significantly improve basal glucose uptake in HepG2 cells, its improving effect is concentration dependent, it exhibits effects stronger than that of rosiglitazone, which has been used as an antidiabetic drug.

Auraptene is a coumarin derived from citrus plants that bears a geranyloxyl moiety at its C-7.